| Country | Public debt, % of GDP · 2025 ↓ | Risk of debt distress (IMF) | External debt | Owed to China | Owed to bond holders | Debt service, % of exports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | 153.8 % | Not assessed | — | — | — | — |
| Egypt | 86.8 % | Not assessed | 164.3 bn$ 2025 | 4.2 % | 25.3 % | 36.2 % 2024 |
| Tunisia | 81.7 % | Not assessed | 41.5 bn$ 2025 | 0.2 % | 7.5 % | 16.2 % 2024 |
| Morocco | 66.6 % | Not assessed | 80.5 bn$ 2025 | 0.5 % | 31.2 % | 8.8 % 2024 |
| Algeria | 52.1 % | Not assessed | 7.7 bn$ 2025 | 8.1 % | 0.0 % | 0.2 % 2024 |
| Mauritania | 40.4 % | Moderate 2026 | 4.6 bn$ 2025 | 6.2 % | 0.0 % | 8.7 % 2024 |
Public debt: IMF, World Economic Outlook, gross debt of the general government, % of GDP
Risk of debt distress: IMF, list of debt sustainability analyses of low-income countries, as of 2026-03-31 · only countries eligible for the IMF's concessional lending are assessed · imf.org
External debt, creditors and service: World Bank, International Debt Statistics and World Development Indicators (updated 2026-11-05), CC BY 4.0 · shares of the public and publicly guaranteed external debt: Syli Atlas calculation · the World Bank does not cover high-income countries such as Seychelles
In short
In 2025, the median public debt of African countries is 53.2 % of GDP (IMF); 16 of 52 countries are above 70 %. China holds a median 6.4 % of their public external debt (World Bank).