Public finances and external accounts

A fiscal deficit of 0.6 % of GDP

Equatorial Guinea: in 2025, the general government spent 0.6 % of GDP more than it collected, public debt stood at 35.4 % of GDP, the current account showed a deficit of 2.4 % (IMF).

Fiscal balance · 2025: −0.6 %; of GDP · +1.2 pt since 2020
Public debt · 2025: 35.4 %; of GDP · −14.0 pt since 2020
Current account · 2025: −2.4 %; of GDP · −1.6 pt since 2020

Fiscal balance, % of GDP

Negative: a deficit · dashed: estimates and projections

Equatorial Guinea
Central Africa

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook (October 2026) · general government net lending or borrowing · group values weighted by GDP in dollars (Syli Atlas)

CEMAC convergence criteria

First-rank criteria in 2025

Reference fiscal balance ≥ −1.5 % of GDP not published by the IMF Not computed
Inflation ≤ 3 % 2.3 % Met
Public debt ≤ 70 % of GDP 35.4 % Met

Syli Atlas calculation from IMF figures · thresholds: CEMAC multilateral surveillance framework (2016) · the reference fiscal balance is not published by the IMF

Currency

Central African CFA franc

Equatorial Guinea shares the Central African CFA franc and its central bank, the BEAC, with the five other CEMAC countries: the policy rate and foreign exchange reserves are common. The franc is pegged to the euro.

Currency: XAF; Central African CFA franc
Exchange regime: Fixed; 1 EUR = 655.957 XAF
Inflation · 2025: 2.3 %; average annual change in consumer prices

Currency codes: ISO 4217 · fixed parities: central banks (BCEAO, BEAC, Central Bank of the Comoros, Bank of Cape Verde…) · inflation: IMF, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)

Debt

A debt owed first to China

At the end of 2025, Equatorial Guinea owed 802 m$ in public external debt (World Bank). 89.6 % of it was owed to China, 10.4 % to multilateral institutions and 0.0 % to bond holders.

Debt of the 54 countries →

Public debt · 2025: 35.4 %; of GDP · IMF
External debt · 2025: 1.1 bn$; public and private · World Bank
Public external debt · 2025: 802 m$; owed or guaranteed by the State

Public external debt by creditor

Share of the total at the end of each year

2020

2025

Multilateral (IMF, World Bank, AfDB…): 10.4 %
China: 89.6 %
Other countries: 0.0 %
Bonds (Eurobonds): 0.0 %
Banks and other private lenders: 0.0 %

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics (updated 2026-11-05) · public and publicly guaranteed external debt, end of year · CC BY 4.0 · shares: Syli Atlas calculation

Equatorial Guinea · Finances and debt